खालीलपैकी कोणती भारतीय संविधानाची एकात्मक वैशिष्टे आहेत ?
अ. स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका
ब. सत्तेचे विभाजन
क. एकात्मक न्यायपालिका
ड. संविधानाची लवचिकता
इ. राज्य प्रतिनिधित्वामध्ये समानता नाही

The correct answer is Option C (Only C, D, E).

Key Points:
• Federal vs Unitary Features of the Indian Constitution:
• Federal Features (संघराज्यात्मक वैशिष्ट्ये):
• Division of Powers (सत्तेचे विभाजन) between Centre and States via Seventh Schedule [B].
• Independent Judiciary (स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका) to protect constitutional limits [A].
• Written Constitution, Supremacy of the Constitution, Rigidity of certain constitutional provisions, and Bicameralism.
• Unitary / Non-Federal Features (एकात्मक वैशिष्ट्ये):
• Integrated Judiciary (एकात्मक न्यायपालिका) [C]: A single hierarchical judicial pyramid enforces both central and state laws.
• Flexibility of the Constitution (संविधानाची लवचिकता) [D]: Major portions of the Constitution can be amended unilaterally by Parliament by simple or special majority without state ratification.
• No equality of State representation (राज्य प्रतिनिधित्वामध्ये समानता नाही) [E]: Rajya Sabha seats are allocated based on population (unlike the US Senate where every state gets equal representation).
• Thus, C, D, and E are unitary features.
• Hence, Option (3) Only C, D, E is the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Integrated judiciary, constitutional flexibility, and unequal representation of states in Rajya Sabha are unitary features.