पुढीलपैकी जैवतंत्रज्ञानाच्या वापराचे/ची उदाहरण/उदाहरणे कोणती/ते ?
अ. दुधाचे दही बनणे
ब. बेकर यीस्ट घालून भात आंबवणे
क. विषाणूच्या जनुकाचे जीवाणूत रोपण करणे
ड. रोगाचा इलाज करण्यासाठी माणसात निरोगी जनुकाचे रोपण
योग्य पर्याय निवडा :

The correct answer is Option D (All the above).

Key Points:
• Scope of Biotechnology (EFB Definition):
• The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) defines biotechnology as the integrated application of natural sciences and cellular organisms, products, and molecular analogues to deliver goods and services.
• Classical vs. Modern Biotechnology Classifications:
• Classical / Traditional Biotechnology (a & b): Harnessing microbiological fermentative metabolism—such as conversion of milk into curd using *Lactobacillus* (a) or cereal/rice fermentation via yeast strains (b).
• Modern / Recombinant Biotechnology (c & d): Genetic engineering techniques—such as inserting viral coding genes into bacterial vectors for recombinant protein vaccines (c) or human therapeutic gene therapy restoring functional gene sequences (d).
• Since both traditional microbiological fermentation and modern molecular engineering fall under the discipline, Option 4 (All the above) is correct.
• Key Takeaway: Biotechnology encompasses both traditional microbial fermentation (curd, brewing) and modern recombinant DNA techniques (gene cloning, gene therapy).