खालीलपैकी कोणत्या भारतीय राज्यघटनेच्या वैशिष्ट्यावरुन असे निदर्शनास येते की, वास्तविक कार्यकारी सत्ता पंतप्रधानाच्या नेतृत्वाखाली कार्य करणाऱ्या मंत्रीमंडळाच्या हातात आहे ?

The correct answer is Option C (Parliamentary Democracy).

Key Points:
• Hallmark of Parliamentary Democracy: In a Parliamentary Democracy (Westminster model), the Constitution creates a clear dichotomy between:
• The Titular / Nominal Executive (De Jure): The President of India is the constitutional head of State in whose name all executive actions are taken (Article 77).
• The Real Executive (De Facto): The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister exercises actual governance authority (Articles 74 and 75).
• Collective Responsibility: Under Article 75(3), the real executive is collectively responsible to the directly elected Lower House (Lok Sabha).
• Contrasting Systems: In a Presidential system (e.g., USA), real and titular powers are unified in the President. Thus, the presence of a real executive headed by the Prime Minister directly defines a Parliamentary Democracy.
• Key Takeaway: A Parliamentary Democracy features a dual executive where the Prime Minister and Cabinet hold real executive power.