भारतीय राज्यघटनेतील _____ सार्वजनिक स्वरूपात फाशी देण्याविरुद्ध अधिकार प्रदान करते.

The correct answer is Option B (Article 21).

Key Points:
• Judicial Interpretation of Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21):
• Right Against Public Hanging: In the landmark judgment Attorney General of India v. Lachma Devi (1986), the Supreme Court declared that executing a death sentence by hanging at a public place is barbaric, cruel, and a direct violation of human dignity protected under Article 21 of the Constitution.
• Expansive Scope of Article 21: Over decades, the apex court has read several unenumerated human rights into the ambit of Article 21, including the Right to speedy trial, Right to free legal aid, Right against solitary confinement, Right to privacy (Puttaswamy case), and Right against delayed execution of capital punishment (Shatrughan Chauhan case).
• Overview of Other Options:
• Article 20: Provides protection in respect of conviction for offences (protection against ex-post facto laws, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination).
• Article 22: Provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
• Article 31D: Dealt with saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities (added by 42nd Amendment, repealed by 43rd Amendment, 1977).
• Key Takeaway: Right against public hanging falls under Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) as ruled in Lachma Devi (1986).