केंद्र सरकार व राज्य सरकार यांच्यात वाद सोडविणे खालीलपैकी कोणाच्या अधिकारक्षेत्रात येते ?

The correct answer is Option D (Supreme Court under Article 131 of the Constitution of India).

Key Points:
• Article 131 - Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court:
• Article 131 of the Constitution of India vests the Supreme Court with Original and Exclusive jurisdiction in federal disputes involving questions of law or fact:
• 1. Dispute between the Government of India and one or more States;
• 2. Dispute between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other;
• 3. Dispute between two or more States.
• Key characteristics:
• 'Exclusive' means no other court (including High Courts under Article 226) can try such disputes.
• 'Original' means the dispute can be heard directly in the Supreme Court as a court of first instance.
• Other options explained:
• Article 143: Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (Presidential reference).
• Article 226: High Court's writ jurisdiction, which does not cover federal intergovernmental disputes.
• Inter-State Council (Article 263): Non-judicial deliberative body, lacks binding judicial power to 'decide' legal disputes.
• Hence, Supreme Court under Article 131 has this jurisdiction (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: Article 131 grants exclusive original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for resolving disputes between the Centre and States.