खालीलपैकी कोणते घटक भारतामधील आर्थिक नियोजनाचे अपयश आहेत ?
(a) अल्प दरडोई उत्पन्न आणि वृद्धी दर.
(b) दारिद्रय आणि बेकारी.
(c) संथ औद्योगिकरण.
(d) उत्पन्न आणि संपत्तीमधील विषमता.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D ((b) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Core Concept
• Economic planning in India aimed at achieving self-reliance, rapid industrialization, poverty eradication, and equitable distribution of national wealth.
• Why Correct
• According to official evaluation criteria and the MPSC final answer key, the most prominent and chronic structural failures of India's five-year plans are the persistence of acute poverty and unemployment (b) alongside rising inequalities of income and wealth (d).
• Although India successfully laid down a massive diversified industrial base (negating slow industrialization as an absolute failure), it fell far short of social justice goals.
• Key Details
• Mahalanobis strategy established heavy capital goods, but trickle-down economics failed to alleviate rural destitution.
• Exam Traps
• Candidates often pick 'all the above' or combine industrial slowdown, but standard textbook evaluations isolate poverty and distributional inequality as the core failures.
• Other Options
• Statements (a) and (c) are viewed as relative achievements rather than outright structural failures because industrial infrastructure expanded considerably over successive plan periods.
• Key Takeaway: Persistent poverty, unemployment, and widening socio-economic inequalities remain the primary failures of Indian planning.