भारतातील कृषी क्षेत्रातील बेरोजगारी ही मुख्यतः कशा प्रकारची आहे ?
(a) हंगामी बेरोजगारी
(b) प्रच्छन्न बेरोजगारी
(c) जुनाट बेरोजगारी
(d) अस्थायी बेरोजगारी
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option C ((a), (b) and (c)).

Key Points:
• Core Concept
• Agricultural unemployment manifests in multiple structural dimensions owing to seasonal cropping patterns and excessive population pressure on land.
• Why Correct
• Indian agriculture exhibits:
• 1. Seasonal unemployment (a): agricultural activity is periodic, leaving farm workers idle during lean seasons.
• 2. Disguised unemployment (b): marginal productivity of surplus agricultural labor is virtually zero or negative.
• 3. Chronic unemployment (c): persistent, long-term underemployment due to a severe lack of non-farm alternate employment avenues.
• MPSC official key designates statements (a), (b), and (c) as the primary types characterizing Indian agriculture.
• Key Details
• NSSO measures unemployment using Usual Principal Status (UPS), Weekly Status (CWS), and Daily Status (CDS).
• Exam Traps
• Candidates often consider only seasonal and disguised forms, omitting chronic unemployment which structurally plagues agrarian labor.
• Other Options
• Temporary or frictional unemployment (d) is an urban/industrial labor-market characteristic, not the defining agrarian unemployment form.
• Key Takeaway: Indian agriculture suffers prominently from seasonal, disguised, and chronic unemployment.