जागतिकीकरणामुळे घडून येत असलेल्या बदलासंदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहे/आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option C (Both).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (3) Both.
• Globalization Trends & Indian Corporations:
• Statement (a): Multinational corporations (MNCs) play a definite, strategic, and unique role in India's sustained economic development by bringing advanced technology, capital, management expertise, and global market access.
• Statement (b): Indian companies increasingly access international capital markets, issuing Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), American Depository Receipts (ADRs), and listing shares on European and American stock exchanges to raise global capital.
• Analysis: Both statements accurately describe structural changes in the Indian corporate ecosystem following the 1991 economic reforms. Indian multinational giants like Tata, Infosys, and Reliance expanded operations globally, and foreign institutional investments surged.
• Exam Insight: Globalization integrates domestic markets with global financial systems, increasing cross-border trade, capital flows, and technological diffusion.
• Key Takeaway: Both statements regarding MNC roles and Indian shares trading in European stock markets are correct under globalization.