भारतातील मोठ्या उद्योगांचे सहायक उद्योग म्हणून लघुउद्योगांचा विकास करण्याचा भर कोणत्या औद्योगिक धोरणाने देण्यात आला ?

The correct answer is Option C (Industrial Policy of 1956).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (3) Industrial Policy of 1956.
• Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) 1956: Often called the Economic Constitution of India, IPR 1956 placed immense emphasis on the role of small-scale and cottage industries as ancillary units to support large-scale industries. It highlighted that small-scale units provide decentralised employment, require less capital, and ensure a balanced regional industrial growth.
• Analysis of Other Options:
• Industrial Policy of 1948 (Option 2): Laid the foundational framework for a mixed economy and classified industries into four categories but did not explicitly focus on the ancillary small-scale model.
• Industrial Policy of 1977 (Option 4): Shifted focus heavily toward the tiny sector and district industries centers (DICs) and cottage industries, but the ancillary concept was formally integrated earlier.
• Industrial Policy of 1991 (Option 1): Focused on Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG), dismantling licensing and promoting foreign direct investment and competitiveness.
• Exam Insight: IPR 1956 was guided by the Mahalanobis Model (Second Five Year Plan), prioritizing heavy industries alongside complementary small-scale sectors.
• Key Takeaway: Industrial Policy of 1956 promoted small-scale industries as ancillary units to major industries.