सर्वोच्च न्यायालय आणि उच्च न्यायालय यांचे स्वातंत्र्य संविधानाने कशाप्रकारे संरक्षित केले आहे याविषयी पुढे तरतूदी दिल्या आहेत. त्यापैकी कोणत्या तरतूदी चुकीच्या आहेत ?
(a) सर्वोच्च न्यायालय आणि उच्च न्यायालय यांना त्यांच्या अवमानासंबंधी शिक्षा देण्याचा अधिकार आहे.
(b) सर्वोच्च न्यायालय आणि उच्च न्यायालयाचे अधिकारी आणि सेवक यांची नेमणूक संबंधित न्यायालयातील प्रमुख न्यायाधीश करतात.
(c) राष्ट्रीय न्यायिक आयोग न्यायाधिशांच्या नेमणुका सुचवितात.
(d) न्यायाधिशांच्या बदलीसाठी स्वयंस्पष्ट मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वे नमूद आहेत.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D ((c) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Constitutional Safeguards for Judicial Independence:
• Contempt Power: Articles 129 (Supreme Court) and 215 (High Courts) grant power to punish for contempt of court. Hence, (a) is a correct constitutional provision.
• Staff Appointment: Under Articles 146 and 229, appointments of officers and servants are made by the Chief Justice of India and Chief Justices of High Courts respectively. Hence, (b) is also a correct constitutional provision.
• National Judicial Commission: The original Constitution did not contain a 'National Judicial Commission'; appointments are governed via Collegium system (Articles 124 & 217). The 99th Amendment establishing NJAC was struck down. Hence, (c) is wrong.
• Guidelines for Transfer: Article 222 provides for the transfer of High Court judges by the President after consultation with the CJI, but the text contains no express detailed guidelines. Hence, (d) is wrong.
• Statements (c) and (d) are wrong provisions, making option (4) correct.
• Key Takeaway: Judicial independence is secured by contempt powers (Arts 129/215) and staff appointment by Chief Justices; the text has no NJAC or express transfer guidelines.