केन्सच्या मते, कोणत्या हेतूसाठी पैशाची मागणी केली जाते ?
a. व्यवहार हेतू
b. दक्षता हेतू
c. सट्टेबाजी हेतू
d. बचत हेतू

The correct answer is Option C (a, b and c).

Key Points:
• Keynesian Liquidity Preference Theory: In his 1936 book, J.M. Keynes explained why people prefer to hold their wealth in the highly liquid form of cash rather than illiquid assets like bonds. He identified exactly three psychological motives for demanding money.
• 1. Transaction Motive (a): Individuals and businesses demand money to bridge the time gap between the receipt of income and their day-to-day expenditure (buying groceries, paying bills). It depends on the level of income.
• 2. Precautionary Motive (b): People hold cash to meet unforeseen emergencies and contingencies, such as sudden illness, accidents, or unemployment. This also largely depends on income.
• 3. Speculative Motive (c): This was Keynes's unique contribution. He argued people hold cash to take advantage of future changes in the interest rate or bond prices. If interest rates are expected to rise (bond prices fall), people will hold money instead of bonds. This depends inversely on the current rate of interest.
• Saving Motive (d): Saving is an outcome of not consuming all income, but the specific form in which savings are held (as cash vs. bonds) is determined by the three motives above. "Saving motive" is not a recognized category of money demand in Keynesian theory.
• Conclusion: The correct motives are a, b, and c.
• Key Takeaway: Keynes identified only 3 motives for holding money: Transaction, Precautionary, and Speculative. 'Saving' is not a Keynesian money demand motive.