जागतिकीकरणाच्या काळात भारताची रोजगाराची स्थिती कशामुळे वाईट झाली आहे ?
अ. रोजगार वृद्धीदरात घट होत आहे.
ब. कृषी क्षेत्रातील नकारात्मक रोजगार वृद्धीदर.
क. सार्वजनिक क्षेत्रातील नकारात्मक रोजगार वृद्धीदर.
ड. सहकार क्षेत्रातील रोजगार वृद्धीदर कमी होणे.
वरीलपैकी कोणते विधाने बरोबर आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option C (a, b and c).

Key Points:
• Post-1991 economic globalisation in India was largely characterized by the phenomenon of Jobless Growth, where GDP growth surged but formal employment generation slowed down.
• Structural Employment Issues Identified:
• Statement (a) is correct: The overall employment elasticity with respect to GDP declined steeply from 0.44 in the 1970s/80s to below 0.15 during the peak post-reform era.
• Statement (b) is correct: Agriculture experienced saturation, disguised unemployment, and during several post-reform NSSO rounds (e.g., 2004-05 to 2009-10), the absolute and percentage growth of agricultural employment registered negative rates as rural workers shifted out without adequate formal manufacturing absorption.
• Statement (c) is correct: The public sector implemented voluntary retirement schemes (VRS), recruitment freezes, and downsizing, causing formal employment in government and public undertakings to shrink at negative growth rates.
• Statement (d) regarding the cooperative sector is not considered an official macro-level driver of national post-1991 employment deterioration in economic analyses.
• Hence, statements a, b, and c correctly explain the worsening employment situation (Option 3).
• Key Takeaway: Jobless growth post-1991 was marked by declining overall job elasticity and negative employment growth in both agriculture and public sectors.