शेतकऱ्यांतर्फे सरकारकडे दाद मागण्याची चळवळ भारतात प्रथम कोणी सुरू केली ?

The correct answer is Option C (Sarvajanik Sabha).

Key Points:
• Role of Pune Sarvajanik Sabha in Agrarian Movements:
• Pune Sarvajanik Sabha, founded on 2 April 1870 by Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka) and actively led by Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, pioneered the organized agrarian movement in India to represent peasant grievances to the British government.
• During the severe famine of 1875-1877 and the Deccan Riots (1875), the Sabha sent its agents into rural districts of Pune, Ahmednagar, and Solapur to document peasant distress caused by extortionate moneylenders and high land revenue assessments.
• The Sabha drafted systematic petitions, memorandums, and representations to the Bombay Presidency Government and the Viceroy demanding remissions of land revenue, credit reforms, and peasant relief.
• This systematic constitutional agitation for peasant rights preceded any other organized agrarian movement in modern Indian history.
• Hence, Pune Sarvajanik Sabha started the farmers' movement to seek government approval/redressal (Option 3).
• Key Takeaway: Pune Sarvajanik Sabha pioneered constitutional petitions to the British government on behalf of distressed farmers during the Deccan Riots.