जनहितार्थ याचिके (PIL) बाबत खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान चुकीचे आहे ?
(a) असे म्हटले जाते की, जनहितार्थ याचिकेने न्यायपालिकेचे लोकशाहीकरण केले.
(b) जनहितार्थ याचिकेने कार्यकारी आणि विधिमंडळास त्यांची जनतेप्रती असलेली घटनात्मक कर्तव्ये पार पाडण्यास भाग पाडले.
(c) जनहितार्थ याचिकेने भ्रष्टाचार मुक्त प्रशासन देण्याचा एक प्रयत्न केला आहे.

The correct answer is Option D (None of the above).

Key Points:
• Evolution and Nature of PIL:
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was pioneered in India in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. It relaxed the traditional strict rule of *locus standi*, allowing any public-spirited citizen or group to move the court for the enforcement of constitutional rights of disadvantaged groups.
• Impact on Democratic Governance:
• Democratizing the Judiciary: PIL democratized judicial access by turning legal remedies into tools for marginalized and vulnerable communities who cannot personally afford litigation.
• Enforcing Obligations: PIL has repeatedly nudged the executive and legislature to implement affirmative legislation, fulfill welfare duties, and ensure statutory compliance.
• Combating Corruption: Landmark PIL rulings (such as the Vineet Narain case and 2G spectrum cases) instituted institutional checks, monitoring, and structural reforms to promote clean and transparent administration.
• Since statements (a), (b), and (c) are all accurate achievements of PIL jurisprudence, none of them is false.
• Key Takeaway: PIL democratized justice, enforced constitutional duties on executive/legislature, and addressed governance corruption.