खालीलपैकी कोणत्या समितीने दारिद्रयाची व्याख्या ही उष्मांकांवर (Calories) आधारित नसावी अशी सूचना केली ?

The correct answer is Option C (Tendulkar Committee).

Key Points:
• Poverty Estimation in India: Historically, poverty in India (like the Alagh Committee in 1979 and Lakdawala Committee in 1993) was strictly measured based on caloric intake (2400 kcal per day for rural and 2100 kcal for urban areas).
• Tendulkar Committee (2009): The expert group chaired by Suresh Tendulkar was constituted in 2005 and submitted its report in 2009. It made a radical shift in poverty measurement.
• Moving away from Calories: The Tendulkar Committee explicitly suggested moving away from the obsolete calorie-based definition of poverty. They argued that caloric intake is just one aspect of well-being.
• Broader Consumption Basket: Instead, they recommended a broader consumption basket that included expenditure on health, education, clothing, and transport, alongside food. This created a uniform poverty line basket (PLB) for both rural and urban areas based on the Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE).
• Note on Rangarajan (2014): Later, the Rangarajan Committee reverted slightly by computing new calorie requirements (2155 rural/2090 urban) combined with non-food expenses, but Tendulkar was the one who pioneered the *move away* from the strict calorie anchor.
• Key Takeaway: The Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009) recommended dropping the strict calorie-based approach to poverty and including health/education costs.