परदेशातून होणाऱ्या प्रत्यक्ष गुंतवणूकीमुळे (FDI) कोणते फायदे होतात ? (a) आर्थिक वृद्धी (b) गुंतवणूकीची पातळी वाढते (c) तंत्रज्ञानात सुधारणा होते (d) गुंतवणूकीचा ओघ परदेशाकडे वळतो (e) मानवी आणि संस्थात्मक क्षमतांचा विकास होतो

The correct answer is Option A ((a), (b), (c), (e)).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (1) (a), (b), (c), (e).
• Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
• (a) Economic growth: Inflows of foreign capital stimulate production, employment, and overall GDP growth. (Benefit)
• (b) Raising level of investment: Bridges domestic savings deficits by supplementing capital formation. (Benefit)
• (c) Upgradation of technology: Brings advanced foreign technology, R&D capabilities, and modern management practices. (Benefit)
• (d) Outflow of investment: Incorrect, because FDI represents an *inflow* of investment into the domestic economy, not an outflow (outflow refers to capital flight or outward remittances).
• (e) Develops human and institutional capabilities: Enhances skill sets, training, and corporate governance standards. (Benefit)
• Exam Insight: Post-1991, India progressively relaxed FDI caps across sectors like manufacturing, services, and defense to reap these developmental benefits.
• Key Takeaway: FDI benefits include economic growth, higher investment, technology upgradation, and human capacity building, excluding outward investment flow.