भारतीय राज्यघटनेत नागरिकांची खालीलपैकी कोणती मूलभूत कर्तव्ये नेमून दिली आहेत ?
(a) सामाजिक अन्यायापासून दुर्बल घटकांचे संरक्षण करणे.
(b) व्यक्तिगत आणि सामुहिक अशा प्रत्येक क्षेत्रात उच्चतम पातळी गाठणे.
(c) सार्वजनिक निवडणूकांमध्ये मतदान करणे.
(d) शास्त्रीय वृत्ती विकसित करणे.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D ((b), (d)).

Key Points:
• Article 51A (Part IVA) lists 11 Fundamental Duties introduced by the 42nd Amendment (1976) and 86th Amendment (2002):
• Statement (b): Article 51A(j) states "to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement." → Fundamental Duty.
• Statement (d): Article 51A(h) states "to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform." → Fundamental Duty.
• Statement (a): Protecting weaker sections from social injustice is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 46, not a citizen's fundamental duty.
• Statement (c): Voting in public elections was recommended by the Swaran Singh Committee but was not incorporated into Article 51A.
• Therefore, only (b) and (d) are Fundamental Duties.
• Key Takeaway: Article 51A includes developing scientific temper and striving for excellence, but not voting or protecting weaker sections.