२००९ मध्ये दारिद्र्य मोजमापासाठी पोषण आणि सामान्य गरजांवर आधारित वस्तू आणि सेवांच्या उपभोग टोपलीचा वापर करण्याची शिफारस कोणत्या समितीने केली?

The correct answer is Option A (Tendulkar Committee).

Key Points:
• Suresh Tendulkar Expert Group (2009): Constituted by the Planning Commission in December 2005 under Prof. Suresh Tendulkar (submitting its report in November 2009), the committee fundamentally overhauled India's official poverty estimation methodology.
• Broader Consumption Basket (Beyond Calories): Moving away from the narrow calorie-intake anchor, the Tendulkar Committee incorporated normative household expenditure on health, education, clothing, footwear, and durable goods alongside food into a unified Poverty Line Basket (PLB) based on Mixed Reference Period (MRP) NSS data.
• Poverty Estimates: Using this methodology and purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustments, the committee estimated all-India poverty at 37.2% in 2004–05 and 21.9% in 2011–12 (with monthly per capita cut-offs of ₹816 rural and ₹1,000 urban in 2011–12).
• Distractor Analysis: The Y. K. Alagh Committee (1979) established the 2400/2100 kcal nutritional norms, the D. T. Lakdawala Committee (1993) introduced state-specific price indices (CPI-AL and CPI-IW), and the C. Rangarajan Committee (2014) reverted to a modified nutritional + non-food basket (estimating 29.5% poverty in 2011–12).
• Key Takeaway: The Tendulkar Committee (2009) shifted India's poverty estimation from pure calorie norms to a broader consumption basket covering food, education, and health.