1969 मध्ये काँग्रेस मध्ये फुट कोणत्या गोष्टीमुळे पडली ?
(a) खालावलेली सामाजिक व आर्थिक स्थिती
(b) यू.एस्. कडून मिळणारी मदत कमी होवून 1964-65 च्या मदतीच्या निम्मे झाली होती.
(c) काँग्रेस मध्ये अंतर्गत राजकीय ताण-तणाव होता.
(d) मंत्र्यांचे न सोडवलेले प्रश्न.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D ((a), (b), (c) and (d)).

Key Points:
• The historic Split in the Indian National Congress (1969) resulted in Congress (R - Ruling/Indira) and Congress (O - Organisation/Syndicate):
• Socio-Economic Distress (a & b): Devaluation of the Rupee (1966), severe monsoon failures, price rise, and reduction of US aid (PL-480 and developmental funding slashed to half following the 1965 war) caused acute economic strains.
• Internal Ideological & Political Friction (c & d): Ideological clash between the Syndicate (conservative bosses like Morarji Desai, Nijalingappa, Kamaraj) and the 'Young Turks' / Indira Gandhi over socialism (bank nationalization, privy purses) and control over ministerial portfolios/appointments.
• The crisis peaked during the August 1969 Presidential Election where V.V. Giri defeated the official Congress nominee Neelam Sanjiva Reddy via Indira Gandhi's 'conscience vote' call.
• Thus, socio-economic factors and factional power struggles jointly caused the split.
• Key Takeaway: Congress split in 1969 due to economic distress, reduction in US aid, ideological rift with the Syndicate, and ministerial conflicts.