गॅट्स (GATS) करारानुसार उच्चशिक्षणाचा अंतर्भाव सेवा क्षेत्रात केल्यामुळे कोणते परिणाम संभवतात ?
अ. परदेशातील विद्यापीठांना देशातील उच्चशिक्षण क्षेत्रात प्रवेश मिळणार नाही.
ब. एक सदस्यराष्ट्राला दुसऱ्या सदस्य राष्ट्रामध्ये सेवेवर आधारित व्यवसाय, धंदा, संस्था सुरू करण्याची मुभा असेल.
क. भारतात आपल्या शाखा काढण्याचा अधिकार परदेशातील शिक्षण संस्था/विद्यापीठाला मिळू शकेल.
ड. या शिक्षण संस्थांवर भारत सरकारचे फारसे नियंत्रण असणार नाही.
वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर आहे ?

The correct answer is Option D (b, c and d).

Key Points:
• GATS Agreement & Education: The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) administered by the WTO categorizes higher education as a tradable service.
• Four Modes of Supply Under GATS:
• Mode 1: Cross-border supply (e-learning, distance education)
• Mode 2: Consumption abroad (students studying in foreign countries)
• Mode 3: Commercial presence (foreign universities establishing local campuses and branches) (c)
• Mode 4: Presence of natural persons (professors and researchers traveling abroad)
• Implications:
• It gives member countries mutual rights to establish educational operations (b).
• It enables foreign universities to set up branches in India (c).
• Domestic regulatory flexibility and national government oversight are challenged due to market access and national treatment disciplines under GATS rules (d).
• Statement (a) is incorrect because GATS actively promotes, rather than restricts, foreign entry.
• Key Result: Statements (b), (c), and (d) correctly summarize the effects.
• Key Takeaway: Under GATS, higher education is treated as a service, allowing foreign branch campuses and cross-border commercial presence.