खालीलपैकी कोणत्या उद्देशासाठी परमादेश (writ of mandamus) उपलब्ध आहे ?
अ. मूलभूत अधिकारांची अंमलबजावणी.
ब. न्यायिक न्यायाधिकरणाने अधिकार क्षेत्राचा वापर करण्यास नकार दिल्यास त्याचे अधिकार क्षेत्र वापरण्यास भाग पाडणे.
क. असंवैधानिक असलेल्या कायद्याची अंमलबजावणी करू नये म्हणून एखाद्या सार्वजनिक अधिकाऱ्यास किंवा सरकारला निर्देश देणे.

योग्य पर्याय निवडा.

The correct answer is Option D (A, B and C).

Key Points:
• Scope of the Writ of Mandamus ('We Command'):
• Mandamus is a judicial command issued by the Supreme Court (Article 32) or High Courts (Article 226) to any public authority, government, inferior court, or tribunal.
• Purposes for which Mandamus is available:
• Statement A: For the enforcement of Fundamental Rights when infringed by public authorities (Correct).
• Statement B: To compel an inferior court or tribunal to exercise its jurisdiction when it has unlawfully refused or failed to exercise it (Correct).
• Statement C: To restrain or direct a public official or government from enforcing an unconstitutional law (Negative Mandamus) (Correct).
• Note: Mandamus cannot be issued against private individuals, the President, or State Governors for exercising official duties.
• All three statements (A, B, and C) represent valid grounds for Mandamus (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: Mandamus compels public officials and lower courts to perform legal duties or refrain from enforcing unconstitutional acts.