प्रसिद्ध मंडळ खटल्यामध्ये (1992) सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने मागासवर्गीयांसाठी नोकऱ्यांमध्ये आरक्षणाची तरतूद असलेल्या अनुच्छेद 16(4) च्या व्याप्तीचे सर्वकष परीक्षण केले. सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने या बाबतीत खालीलपैकी कोणते निर्णय दिले ?
(a) न्यायालयाने उच्च जातीच्या गरीब घटकासाठी केलेले 10% आरक्षण रद्द केले.
(b) इतर मागासवर्गीयांसाठी केलेले 27% आरक्षण घटनात्मकदृष्ट्या कांही अटीसह वैध ठरविले.
(c) इतर मागासवर्गीयांपैकी उन्नत गटात (creamy layer) असलेल्या प्रगत घटकांना आरक्षणाच्या लाभातून वगळले जावे.
वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/त ?

The correct answer is Option D ((a), (b) and (c)).

Key Points:
• Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) - Mandal Case:
• In this landmark 9-judge bench ruling, the Supreme Court examined the scope of Article 16(4):
• Upheld the constitutional validity of 27% reservation for OBCs subject to certain conditions Statement (b) is correct.
• Directed that the advanced sections among OBCs (Creamy Layer) must be excluded from the benefit of reservation Statement (c) is correct.
• Struck down the Narasimha Rao government's executive notification providing 10% additional reservation for economically backward sections of higher castes (until later constitutionally enabled via 103rd Amendment in 2019) Statement (a) is correct.
• Imposed an overall cap of 50% on total reservations, barring extraordinary situations.
• Hence, all statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct.
• Key Takeaway: Mandal Case (1992) upheld 27% OBC reservation, excluded creamy layer, and struck down 10% economic quota.