डॉ. सुरेश तेंडुलकर अभ्यास गटाच्या शिफारसी प्रमाणे दारिद्रय रेषेखालील कुटुंब _____ या निकषाने ठरवावी.

The correct answer is Option A (Consumption expenditure).

Key Points:
• The Planning Commission appointed the Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Estimation of Poverty headed by Dr. Suresh D. Tendulkar in December 2005, which submitted its landmark report in November 2009.
• Fundamental Methodological Shifts:
• Moved away from the Calorie-anchored consumption basket: Discarded the 1973-74 calorie norms (2400 rural / 2100 urban kcal) as obsolete.
• Adopted Mixed Reference Period (MRP) Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): Computed poverty lines anchored to spending on education, health, clothing, footwear, and food.
• Derived poverty lines: ₹446.68 (rural) and ₹578.80 (urban) per capita per month for 2004-05.
• Hence, Tendulkar's formula is based strictly on Consumption expenditure (उपभोग्य खर्च) (Option 1).
• Key Takeaway: The Tendulkar Committee (2009) moved away from calorie norms and anchored poverty estimation strictly to per capita consumption expenditure.