म. गांधीपूर्वी 'स्वदेशीचा' पुरस्कार 40-50 वर्षा अगोदर खालीलपैकी कोणत्या व्यक्तिनी केला होता ?
(a) गणेश वासुदेव जोशी
(b) वासुदेव बळवंत फडके
(c) दादोबा पांडुरंग तर्खडकर
(d) आत्माराम पांडुरंग तर्खडकर

The correct answer is Option A ((a) and (b) only).

Key Points:
• The ideology of Swadeshi and economic self-reliance was pioneered in Maharashtra during the 1870s, four decades prior to Mahatma Gandhi's mass Swadeshi movements:
• Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka) (1828–1898):
• Founded the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870).
• Took a lifelong vow of Swadeshi in 1872, spinning his own khadi yarn and wearing pure handspun khadi.
• Attended the Imperial Delhi Durbar of 1877 draped in pure handmade Khadi, presenting a memorandum for representative government.
• Vasudeo Balwant Phadke (1845–1883):
• Strongly influenced by Sarvajanik Kaka and Justice Ranade's lectures on economic drain, he took an active pledge to promote indigenous Indian goods (Swadeshi) and boycott foreign cloth before launching his armed revolt.
• Dadoba Pandurang and Atmaram Pandurang were primarily religious/social reformers (Paramahansa Sabha & Prarthana Samaj).
• Key Takeaway: Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka) and Vasudeo Balwant Phadke championed Swadeshi 40-50 years before Gandhi.