भारतीय राज्यघटनेची खालीलपैकी कोणती रुढी-परंपरा समजली जावू शकत नाही ?
(1) संसदेच्या लोकलेखा समितीचा अध्यक्ष हा विरोधी पक्षातील असावा.
(2) जर लोकसभेचा सभापती हा सत्तारूढ पक्षाचा असेल तर उप-सभापती हा विरोधी पक्षाचा असावा.
(3) जर राष्ट्रपतीचे पद रिकामे झाले असेल आणि उपराष्ट्रपती हे देखील उपलब्ध नसतील तर भारताच्या मुख्य न्यायाधीशाच्या अनुपस्थितीमध्ये सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाचा कोणताही न्यायाधीश राष्ट्रपती पदाची कर्तव्ये पार पाडतील.
(4) वरीलपैकी कोणतीही नाही.

The correct answer is Option C (In case the office of the president is vacant and the vice president is not available and in the absence of Chief Justice of India, any judge of the Supreme Court shall perform the duties of the president.).

Key Points:
• Constitutional conventions are unwritten political practices adhered to by institutions, whereas statutory rules are codified in legislation.
• Statement 3 is NOT a convention: Succession in case of simultaneous vacancies in the offices of the President, Vice-President, and Chief Justice of India is explicitly codified by Parliament in a statutory law: The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969. Under this statute, the Chief Justice of India, or in their absence, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court (not "any judge"), performs the functions of the President. Because it is written into an Act of Parliament, it is statutory law, not a mere convention.
• Statements (1) and (2) are classic unwritten constitutional conventions:
• Appointing an opposition MP as PAC Chairman began as a convention in 1967.
• Providing the Deputy Speaker post to the opposition developed as a convention in the 1990s.
• Key Takeaway: Presidential succession via CJI/senior-most SC judge is statutory law under the 1969 Act, not a convention.