पुढीलपैकी स्वराज्य पक्षाच्या अपयशाची कारणे कोणती होती ?
(a) ब्रिटीशांची 'फोडा आणि झोडा' नीति
(b) पक्ष शिस्तीचा अभाव
(c) जनतेच्या पाठींब्याचा अभाव
(d) स्वराज्य पक्षात फुट

The correct answer is Option D ((a), (b), (c) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Swaraj Party (Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party, 1923): Founded by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru to wreck colonial legislatures from within.
• Factors Leading to Decline & Failure:
• British Divide and Rule Policy: Colonial administration manipulated communal and sectional cleavages to weaken legislative opposition (a).
• Lack of Party Discipline: Many legislators accepted official committee seats and government positions, violating obstructionist pledges (b).
• Lack of Sustained Mass Support: Confined to urban elites and legislative halls; failed to organize peasants/workers directly outside councils (c).
• Internal Split / Responsivism: Death of C.R. Das (1925) triggered a split between 'Non-cooperators' and 'Responsivists' (N.C. Kelkar, M.R. Jayakar, B.S. Moonje) (d).
• Answer Key: All statements (a, b, c, and d) contributed to its decline.
• Key Takeaway: The Swaraj Party failed due to British divide-and-rule, internal splits, lack of party discipline, and limited mass base.