भारतीय नियोजन अयशस्वी होण्याची प्रमुख तीन कारणे कोणती ?
(a) सार्वजनिक क्षेत्रातील अकार्यक्षम उत्पादन.
(b) व्यावसायिक संरचनेत न झालेला बदल.
(c) दारिद्र्य निर्मूलनातील अपयश.
(d) महालनोबिस प्रतिमानाचा अयोग्य वापर.
पर्याय :

The correct answer is Option A ((a), (b) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Critiques of Five Year Planning in India:
• Planning in India achieved self-reliance and basic industrial capacity, but encountered prominent structural shortcomings widely documented in standard Indian economy literature (such as Dutt & Sundaram, Mishra & Puri).
• MPSC Key Validation & Analytical Alignment:
• The official MPSC answer key designated Option 1: (a), (b), and (d) as the correct combination.
• Reason (a): Public sector undertakings suffered from systemic delays, bureaucratization, and low return on capital.
• Reason (b): Despite industrial growth, the occupational structure remained stubbornly skewed toward agriculture without shifting the labour force toward modern manufacturing.
• Reason (d): Heavy reliance on the capital-intensive Mahalanobis model prioritized heavy industries while ignoring short-term consumer goods and employment creation.
• Final Verdict:
• Option 1 is the verified correct answer in line with the official key.
• Key Takeaway: Per the MPSC answer key, planning failure is attributed to public sector inefficiency, stagnant occupational shift, and flaws in applying the Mahalanobis model.