हेक्श्चर ओहोलिनचा आंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापाराचा सिद्धांत खालीलपैकी कोणत्या गृहितांवर आधारलेला आहे ?
अ. उत्पादनाचे फक्त दोन घटक आहेत मजूर, भांडवल.
ब. दोनच देश आहेत जे विकसित आहेत.
क. दोनच देश आहेत आणि त्यांच्या घटक विपूलतेत भिन्नता आहे.
ड. दोनच देश आहेत.
वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर आहे ?

The correct answer is Option D (a, c and d).

Key Points:
• The Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory of International Trade (Modern Theory of Factor Endowment) was developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin.
• Standard Model Assumptions (2 × 2 × 2 Model):
• Two Countries: There are only two countries (Statement d is correct).
• Two Factors: There are only two homogeneous factors of production: Labour (L) and Capital (K) (Statement a is correct).
• Two Commodities: One is capital-intensive, the other is labour-intensive.
• Factor Abundance Difference: The two countries differ in factor endowments—one is capital-abundant, while the other is labour-abundant (Statement c is correct).
• Statement (b) is false: The theory does not assume both countries are "developed"; it only assumes differing factor endowments.
• Therefore, statements a, c, and d are correct (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: The Heckscher-Ohlin trade model assumes 2 countries differing in factor endowments, producing 2 commodities with 2 factors (Labour and Capital).