NNP* = GNP Dm D हे सातत्यपूर्ण निव्वळ राष्ट्रीय उत्पादनाचे समीकरण आहे. या समीकरणामधे Dm आणि Dn काय आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option A (Dm for depreciation of manufactured capital assets and Dn for depreciation of environmental capital).

Key Points:
• Green Accounting and Sustainable NNP (NNP*):
• In environmental economics (formulated by economists like Robert Solow, Partha Dasgupta, and David Pearce), conventional Net National Product accounts only for the physical wear and tear of man-made machinery, ignoring natural depletion.
• The Equation:
• NNP^* = GNP - D_m - D_n
• GNP: Gross National Product.
• Dm: Depreciation / consumption of manufactured (man-made) capital assets (plant, machinery, buildings).
• Dn: Monetary depreciation / degradation / depletion of natural / environmental capital (forest loss, soil degradation, resource depletion, pollution damage).
• Therefore, Option 1 accurately defines the components D_m and D_n.
• Key Takeaway: In Sustainable NNP, Dm represents the depreciation of manufactured capital and Dn denotes the depletion of environmental capital.