खालीलपैकी कोणत्या निवाड्यामध्ये सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने प्रशासनिक न्यायाधिकरणाची कसोटी सांगितलेली आहे ?

The correct answer is Option D (Associated Cement Company Ltd. v. State of M.P. 2005).

Key Points:
• Judicial Tests for Administrative Tribunals:
• Associated Cement Companies (ACC) Landmark Principle: In administrative jurisprudence, landmark litigation involving *Associated Cement Companies (ACC)* crystallized the essential tests and attributes required for a quasi-judicial body to be classified as a 'tribunal' under Articles 136 and 227 of the Constitution.
• The 'Tribunal' Test Criteria: The Supreme Court held that to constitute a tribunal, an authority must:
• 1. Derive its adjudicatory authority directly from the State (inherent judicial power of the State);
• 2. Possess procedural trappings of a court;
• 3. Deliver binding and definitive adjudications affecting civil rights.
• MPSC officially marked Option (4) as the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Associated Cement Co. case crystallized the constitutional test and attributes of an administrative tribunal.