मानवी विकास निर्देशांक (HDI) विकासासंबंधी खालील सरासरी प्राप्त मुलभूत बाबी निर्देशकाचे मोजमाप करण्यासाठी विचारात घेतो :
अ. सरासरी आयुर्मानावर आधारित दीर्घ आणि सुदृढ जीवन
ब. साक्षरतेवर आधारित ज्ञान
क. राहणीमानाचा चांगला दर्जा
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D (a, b and c).

Key Points:
• The correct option is (4).
• UNDP Human Development Framework:
• The Human Development Index (HDI) was formulated in 1990 under the leadership of Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• HDI calculates geometric/arithmetic averages across three core dimensions of human capability:
• 1. Health (दीर्घ आणि सुदृढ जीवन): Measured by life expectancy at birth.
• 2. Knowledge / Education (ज्ञान): Measured by educational attainment (originally adult literacy rate and gross enrolment ratio; updated in 2010 to mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling).
• 3. Standard of Living (चांगला राहणीमानाचा दर्जा): Measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP ).
• Since all three dimensions (a, b, and c) are foundational components, the correct answer encompasses all of them.
• Key Takeaway: HDI evaluates human development across three dimensions: health (life expectancy), knowledge (education), and living standard.