खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या :
(a) बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपन्या कमी विकसित राष्ट्रांना अप्रचलित तंत्रज्ञान हस्तांतरित करतात.
(b) बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपन्या कमी विकसित राष्ट्रांना देशांतर्गत प्रतिबंधित वस्तू विक्री करतात.
(c) बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपन्या स्थानिक आणि पालक कंपनीतील कर्मचाऱ्यांस भेदभाव करतात.
(d) बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपन्या कमी विकसित राष्ट्रांना फक्त श्रमप्रधान तंत्रज्ञान हस्तांतरित करतात.
वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने योग्य आहेत ?
(1) (a), (b) आणि (c) योग्य आहेत
(2) (b), (c) आणि (d) योग्य आहेत
(3) (c), (d) आणि (a) योग्य आहेत
(4)वरीलपैकी सर्व

The correct answer is Option A ((a), (b) and (c) are correct).

Key Points:
• Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Least Developed Countries (LDCs):- Critiques of MNC operations in developing nations often highlight several controversial practices:
• Statement (a) is correct: MNCs sometimes transfer older, obsolete technology rather than cutting-edge innovations to LDCs.
• Statement (b) is correct: Instances have been documented where goods prohibited in home countries (due to safety or environmental hazards) are marketed in LDCs.
• Statement (c) is correct: Wage gaps and promotional discrimination often exist between local employees and expatriate staff from the parent company.
• Statement (d) is incorrect: MNCs do not *only* transfer labor-intensive technology; they frequently bring capital-intensive and automated technologies depending on the sector.
• Therefore, statements (a), (b), and (c) are correct, corresponding to option (1).
• Key Takeaway: MNC criticisms in LDCs include transferring obsolete tech, selling prohibited goods, and staff discrimination.