1885 मध्ये अखिल भारतीय राष्ट्रीय सभेच्या स्थापणेपूर्वी भारतात खालीलपैकी कोणती/कोणत्या राजकीय संघटना कार्य करीत होती/होत्या ?
(a) इंडियन असोसीएशन
(b) अभिनव भारत
(c) पुणे सार्वजनिक सभा
(d) इंडियन नॅशनल युनीयन

The correct answer is Option B ((a), (c) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Political Organizations Established Prior to 1885:
• (a) Indian Association: Founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in Calcutta to represent middle-class nationalist aspirations.
• (c) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha: Founded on 2 April 1870 by Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka), Justice M.G. Ranade, and S.H. Chiplunkar to mediate between the government and the people.
• (d) Indian National Union: Formed in 1884 by Allan Octavian Hume, which convened the conference in Bombay that transformed into the Indian National Congress in December 1885.
• (b) Abhinav Bharat: Founded much later in 1904 by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Babarao Savarkar (evolved from Mitra Mela, 1899).
• Therefore, organizations functioning before 1885 were (a), (c), and (d).
• Key Takeaway: Indian Association (1876), Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870), and Indian National Union (1884) predated the INC, while Abhinav Bharat was formed in 1904.