पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम 1986, प्रमाणे "पर्यावरण" शब्दाच्या अर्थामधे खालीलपैकी कोणत्या अंगभूत घटकाचा समावेश होत नाही ?

The correct answer is Option D (Social Component).

Key Points:
• Section 2(a) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
• Section 2(a) defines 'environment' as:
• > *"'environment' includes water, air and land and the inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property."*
• In ecological terms under the Act, this incorporates:
• Non-living (abiotic/physical) components (water, air, land).
• Living (biotic) components (human beings, flora, fauna, micro-organisms).
• Energy components (solar, thermal, radiating properties).
• Social components (such as societal structures, cultural norms, and institutions) are not included in the statutory definition of the physical environment.
• Thus, Social Component is excluded.
• Key Takeaway: Under Section 2(a) of the 1986 Act, 'environment' covers physical, biological, and energy systems, but excludes social components.