भारतीय पुरावा कायदा कलम 123 अंतर्गत जेव्हा राज्याच्या कारभारासंबंधित असलेल्या कामकाजासंबंधी अप्रकाशित नोंदीमधून पुरावा द्यायचा असेल तेव्हा कोणाची परवानगी घेणे आवश्यक आहे ?

The correct answer is Option D (Head of that concern department).

Key Points:
• Section 123 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872:
• Text of Section 123: *"Evidence as to affairs of State - No one shall be permitted to give any evidence derived from unpublished official records relating to any affairs of State, except with the permission of the officer at the head of the department concerned, who shall give or withhold such permission as he thinks fit"*.
• State Privilege Principle: Enshrines the doctrine of state privilege to protect sensitive official state documents from judicial disclosure if detrimental to public interest.
• Judicial Review: In *State of Punjab v. Sodhi Sukhdev Singh (1961)* and *S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (1981)*, the Supreme Court ruled that courts retain the residual power to inspect such documents to determine whether public interest immunity is validly claimed.
• Therefore, Option (4) is the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Section 123 of the Evidence Act requires permission of the Head of the concerned Department to produce unpublished state records.