2002 च्या कंपनी (सुधारणा) कायद्यानुसार या उद्योगांना आजारी संबोधले जाते :
(a) ज्यांचा वर्षाचा संचित तोटा हा त्यांच्या नजिकच्या चार वर्षांच्या निव्वळ मालमत्तेच्या 50% इतका किंवा अधिक असेल.
(b) धनकोंच्या लेखी मागणीनंतरही जे आपले कर्ज नजिकच्या नऊ महीन्यांत फेडू शकले नाहीत असे.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option C (both (a) and (b)).

Key Points:
• Core Concept
• The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2002 substantially reformed corporate insolvency and industrial sickness definitions, replacing the older criteria under SICA, 1985.
• Why Correct
• Under Section 46-AA inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act 2002, a 'sick industrial company' was defined using two alternative triggers:
• 1. Accumulated losses in any financial year equal to 50% or more of its average net worth during the four immediately preceding financial years.
• 2. Failure to repay its debts within any consecutive period of three quarters (nine months) following a written demand by a secured creditor.
• Consequently, both statements (a) and (b) are statutory definitions of sickness.
• Key Details
• This amendment sought to establish the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) to fast-track corporate revival.
• Exam Traps
• Under SICA 1985, 100% net worth erosion was mandatory; the 2002 amendment lowered this threshold to 50% and introduced debt repayment defaults.
• Other Options
• Since both criteria (financial erosion and loan repayment default) are included in the definition, Option 3 is correct.
• Key Takeaway: Under the Companies (Amendment) Act 2002, sickness is triggered by 50% net worth erosion or debt default across three consecutive quarters.