खालीलपैकी कोणती चाचणी हेक्स्चर ओहलिनच्या परकीय व्यापाराच्या सिद्धान्तासाठी केली गेली, जिचे परिणाम सिद्धांताच्या विरुद्ध आले ?
(1) रिकार्डोचा सिद्धान्त
(2) शुल्टझूचा विरोधाभास
(3) नर्कस्चा विरोधाभास
(4) लिओंटिफचा विरोधाभास

The correct answer is Option D (Leontief Paradox).

Key Points:
• Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Model: The H-O theory of international trade posits that countries export products that intensively use their abundant factors of production and import products using scarce factors.
• Leontief Paradox: In 1953, economist Wassily Leontief tested the H-O model empirically using US trade data. Contrary to the H-O prediction (that the capital-abundant US would export capital-intensive goods), Leontief discovered that US exports were actually more labor-intensive than its import-substitutes. This unexpected contradiction became famously known as the Leontief Paradox.
• Other options like Nurkse's paradox relate to capital formation or trade, but Leontief specifically tested and contradicted H-O theory.
• Therefore, option (4) Leontief Paradox is the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Wassily Leontief tested the Heckscher-Ohlin model and found the famous Leontief Paradox contradicting its predictions.