गरज पूर्ण न झाल्यामुळे दुःख निर्माण होते. दुःखावर मात करणे हे चांगल्या समाजाचे उद्दिष्ट असले पाहिजे. असे विचार कुणाचे होते ?

The correct answer is Option B (Gautama Buddha).

Key Points:
• World Philosophies and Buddhism:
• The core philosophy of Siddhartha Gautama (Lord Buddha, 6th century BCE) revolves around suffering and its cessation, encapsulated in the Four Noble Truths (चार आर्यसत्ये):
• 1. दुःख (Dukkha): Life is full of sorrow and suffering.
• 2. दुःख समुदाय (Samudaya): Desire/craving/unfulfilled needs (तृष्णा/वासना) are the root cause of all sorrow.
• 3. दुःख निरोध (Nirodha): Liberation/cessation of sorrow is possible by eliminating craving.
• 4. दुःख निरोधगामिनी प्रतिपदा (Magga): The Eightfold Path (अष्टांग मार्ग) leads to the end of sorrow.
• Overcoming unfulfilled desires and sorrow to build an enlightened, moral society forms the very essence of Buddha's Dhamma.
• Key Takeaway: Gautama Buddha taught that unfulfilled desires cause sorrow (Dukkha) and overcoming suffering is the supreme goal of life.