________ वितंचक लाँड्रीमध्ये कपडे धुलाईसाठी वापरतात.

The correct answer is Option A (Protease).

Key Points:
• Core Concept
• Detergent enzymes break down stubborn, insoluble macromolecules found in stains into smaller, water-soluble fragments.
• Why Correct
• Proteases (specifically alkaline proteases from Bacillus species) hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteinaceous soils and stains like blood, egg, sweat, grass, and milk.
• Protease remains the most widely used and dominant commercial detergent enzyme category globally.
• Key Details
• Subtilisin is a widely used alkaline protease in bio-laundry detergents engineered to withstand high pH and bleach.
• Exam Traps
• While amylases (cleaving starch) and cellulases (fiber conditioning) are modern secondary additives, Protease is the classic, primary bio-detergent enzyme.
• Other Options
• Amylase (Option 2) degrades starches.
• Cellulase (Option 3) acts on cotton fibers for depilling.
• Lactamase (Option 4) provides bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with zero laundry cleaning utility.
• Key Takeaway: Protease enzyme hydrolyzes proteinaceous stains (blood, sweat, food) and is extensively used in laundry detergents.