खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या.
(a) भारतीय रिझर्व्ह बँक ऑफ इंडीया आणि सरकार उच्च शक्ती पैसा निर्माण करते.
(b) व्यापारी बँकाकडून उच्च शक्ती पैशाची संख्या निश्चित केली जाते.
(c) उच्च शक्ती पैशाची मागणी आणि पुरवठा हा पैशाचा पुरवठा सिद्धांताचा पाया आहे.
वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने असत्य आहे/आहेत ?
(1) (b) आणि (c)
(2) फक्त (b)
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) फक्त (c)

The correct answer is Option B (only (b)).

Key Points:
• High-Powered Money (H / Monetary Base):
• Statement (a) is correct; high-powered money (currency in circulation plus reserves with RBI) is liabilities of the central bank (RBI) and government (one-rupee notes/coins), making them the producers of high-powered money.
• Statement (b) is incorrect because commercial banks do not fix the amount of high-powered money; high-powered money is controlled and supplied exclusively by the monetary authority (RBI) and government.
• Statement (c) is correct; the determination of total money supply in the economy is fundamentally built on the interaction between the supply of and demand for high-powered money and the money multiplier.
• Since statement (b) is incorrect (and statement a & c are correct), option (2) is the correct choice.
• Key Takeaway: High-powered money is produced by RBI and the government, not commercial banks, making statement (b) incorrect.