खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या :
(a) अध्यक्षीय पद्धतीमध्ये अध्यक्ष हा विधिमंडळास जबाबदार असतो.
(b) संसदीय पद्धतीत राज्याचा प्रमुख हा राजा देखील असू शकतो.
(c) अध्यक्षीय पद्धतीत अध्यक्ष हा शासन प्रमुख आहे.
(d) भारतातील संसदीय पद्धतीत राष्ट्रपती हा वास्तविक शासन प्रमुख आहे.
वरीलपैकी कोणती विधाने योग्य आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option D ((b), (c)).

Key Points:
• Comparison between Systems of Governance:
• Statement (a) is incorrect: In a Presidential system (e.g., USA), there is separation of powers; the President is not responsible or accountable to the legislature for tenure or executive actions.
• Statement (b) is correct: In a parliamentary system, the Head of State may be a hereditary monarch (e.g., Britain, Japan) or an elected President (e.g., India).
• Statement (c) is correct: In a Presidential system, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government (Chief Executive).
• Statement (d) is incorrect: In India's parliamentary system, the President is the nominal/titular head (de jure), while the Prime Minister is the real head of government (de facto).
• Statements (b) and (c) are correct (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: In a Parliamentary system the monarch can be head of state; in a Presidential system the President is the head of government.