खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या.
a. सायमन कुझनेट्सच्या इनव्हरटेंड-U गृहीतकानुसार, उत्पन्नातील असमानता प्रथम वाढते आणि नंतर एक देश जसजसा विकसित होतो तसतसे कमी होते.
b. सायमन कुझनेट्स यांनी नमूद केले की 1913 ते 1948 दरम्यान यूएसए मध्ये समानतेत लक्षणीय घट झाली आहे.
वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने चूक आहे/आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option B (Only b is incorrect).

Key Points:
• Kuznets Curve Overview: The Kuznets curve is an economic hypothesis formulated by Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets in the 1950s. It visually maps the relationship between economic growth and income inequality.
• Statement (a) Analysis: The hypothesis proposes that as a developing country undergoes industrialization, income inequality first increases (as workers shift from agriculture to higher-paying industrial jobs, creating a wealth gap). However, after reaching a certain level of average income and development, welfare states and taxation mechanisms emerge, causing inequality to fall. This forms an inverted 'U' shape. Statement 'a' is perfectly correct.
• Statement (b) Analysis: The historical data Kuznets used to form his hypothesis actually showed the *opposite* of what the statement claims. He studied the USA, UK, and Germany. For the USA, he observed that between 1913 and 1948 (as it became a mature industrial economy), income inequality had significantly declined (meaning equality *increased*). Statement 'b' incorrectly states that *equality* declined (meaning inequality increased), contradicting his empirical findings.
• Conclusion: Since the question asks for the *incorrect* statement, only 'b' is incorrect.
• Key Takeaway: Kuznets Inverted-U Hypothesis: Inequality rises during early development and falls in later stages. In the USA (1913-1948), equality INCREASED (inequality declined).