आंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापाराच्या हेक्श्चर-ओहलिन सिद्धांतानुसार :
(a) आंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापाराची रचना उत्पादन घटक विपुलता आणि उत्पादन घटक प्रदानता यांच्या द्वारे निर्धारित होते.
(b) काळाच्या ओघात उत्पादन घटक विपुलता आणि उत्पादन घटक प्रदानता यांच्यामध्ये बदल होणे शक्य नसते.
वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/त ?

The correct answer is Option C (Only (a) is correct).

Key Points:
• The Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory of International Trade (also called the Factor Proportion Theory) was formulated by Eli Heckscher (1919) and Bertil Ohlin (1933).
• Statement (a) is correct: The core theorem states that a country exports commodities whose production requires intensive use of the country's relatively abundant and cheap factor of production, and imports commodities that use its relatively scarce factor. Trade structure is fundamentally determined by factor endowments and factor intensities.
• ⏳ Statement (b) is incorrect: While the static 2x2x2 baseline model holds factor endowments constant for analysis, dynamic trade theory clearly demonstrates that factor endowments change over time through capital accumulation, education, technological change, and population growth (Rybczynski Theorem). The assertion that change 'is not possible over time' is false.
• Therefore, only (a) is correct (Option 3).
• Key Takeaway: Heckscher-Ohlin theory states that nations export goods intensive in their abundant factors; dynamic growth can shift endowments over time.