खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान केन्सच्या सार्वजनिक वित्तव्यवस्थेवरील विचारांचे प्रतिनिधित्व करते ?
(1) जेंव्हा अर्थव्यवस्थेत संसाधनेच बेकार असतील (न वापरलेली) तेंव्हा अर्थसंकल्पाचा आकार लहान व समतोल ठेवणे शहाणपणाचे नसते.
(2) अर्थसंकल्पातील तूट टाळली पाहिजे.
(3) अर्थसंकल्पातील तूट चलनवाढीस चालना देणारी असते.
(4) उपभोगावर कर असणे हे बचतीवर कर असण्यापेक्षा आवश्यक आहे.

The correct answer is Option A (There is no special virtue in keeping budgets small and balance when resources are unemployed.).

Key Points:
• Keynesian Public Finance: John Maynard Keynes revolutionized macroeconomics during the Great Depression by challenging classical views on balanced budgets and laissez-faire economics.
• Keynes argued that during periods of unemployment, economic depression, and idle resources, governments should actively use fiscal policy (including budget deficits and public spending) to stimulate aggregate demand, rejecting the dogma of always maintaining a small, balanced budget.
• Classical economists favored balanced budgets and avoiding deficits, whereas Keynes advocated compensatory fiscal spending to revive effective demand.
• Therefore, option (1) accurately reflects the core Keynesian view on public finance during underemployment equilibrium.
• Key Takeaway: Keynes argued that balancing budgets during widespread resource unemployment is unwise, supporting deficit spending.