'आर्थिक सुधारणा' या संकल्पनेअंतर्गत अर्थव्यवस्थेतील संरचनात्मक तडजोडी कोणत्या आहेत ? (a) आयात व निर्यातीवरील निर्बंध कमी करणे. (b) राजकोषीय तूट कमी करणे. (c) मोठ्या शहरांमधेच गुंतवणूक करणे. (d) परदेशी बँकानाही वित्तीय बाजारपेठ खुली करणे. योग्य पर्याय निवडा :

The correct answer is Option C ((a), (b) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (3) (a), (b) and (d).
• Structural Adjustments under Economic Reforms (1991):
• (a) To reduce import-export restrictions: Liberalizing foreign trade, lowering tariffs, and abolishing licensing to integrate with the global economy. (Correct)
• (b) To reduce fiscal deficit: Macroeconomic stabilization measures to rein in excessive government borrowings and public expenditure. (Correct)
• (c) To invest in big cities only: Incorrect, because economic reforms and regional planning aim for balanced regional development across rural and urban sectors, not exclusive investment in big cities.
• (d) To open financial markets for foreign banks: Financial sector reforms allowing foreign institutional investors and foreign banks to operate, enhancing competition and efficiency. (Correct)
• Exam Insight: Structural adjustment programs (SAP) typically focus on trade liberalization, fiscal consolidation, and financial deregulation.
• Key Takeaway: Structural adjustments under economic reforms include reducing trade restrictions, reducing fiscal deficit, and opening financial markets to foreign banks (a, b, d).