खालीलपैकी कोणती संवर्धन जीवशास्त्राची नैतिक तत्त्वे नाहीत ?
a. सजीवांची विविधता चांगली आहे.
b. पर्यावरणीय गुंतागुंत वाईट आहे.
c. लोकसंख्या आणि प्रजाती अकाली नष्ट होणे वाईट आहे.
d. जैवविविधतेला बाह्य मूल्य आहे.

The correct answer is Option D (Only b and d).

Key Points:
• Michael Soulé's Foundational Ethical Postulates of Conservation Biology:
• In 1985, pioneering biologist Michael E. Soulé articulated the normative ethical principles underpinning Conservation Biology:
• 1. *Diversity of organisms is good* (Preserving species is fundamentally good; Statement a is an ethical principle).
• 2. *Ecological complexity is good* (Complex natural ecological webs maintain stability; hence Statement b which asserts 'ecological complexity is not good' is NOT a conservation principle).
• 3. *Untimely extinction of populations and species is bad* (Anthropogenic extinction is morally bad; Statement c is an ethical principle).
• 4. *Biological diversity has INTRINSIC value* (Biodiversity has value in and of itself, regardless of its extrinsic/economic utility to humans; hence Statement d stating 'biodiversity has extrinsic value' is NOT the core ethical principle).
• Therefore, b and d are NOT ethical principles of conservation biology (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: Conservation biology holds that ecological complexity is good and biodiversity has intrinsic value; thus b and d are false/not ethical principles.