भारतीय हस्तकलेच्या ऱ्हासाची कारणे काय होती ?
a. ब्रिटीश कंपन्यांनी भारतात मोठ्या प्रमाणात उद्योगांची स्थापना केली.
b. इंग्लैंडमध्ये बनलेल्या औद्योगिक मालाला संरक्षण देण्याचा उद्देश ब्रिटीशांचा होता.
c. इंग्रजांच्या शोभिवंत अशा अत्याधुनिक यंत्रनिर्मीत वस्तूच्या स्पर्धेत भारतीय हस्तकलेची उत्पादने टिकू शकली नाहीत.
d. भारतीय कामगार कुशल नव्हते.

The correct answer is Option B (a, b, c statements are correct).

Key Points:
• De-industrialization & Ruin of Indian Handicrafts:
• Colonial Industrial Policies (Statement a & b): The British established mechanized industries and enforced one-way free trade tariffs that heavily taxed Indian exports while allowing duty-free British manufactured goods into India, deliberately protecting British industrial output.
• Technological Competition (Statement c): Cheap, mass-produced, machine-made goods from Manchester and Lancashire flooded the Indian markets, outpricing and destroying traditional handmade goods.
• Incorrect Premise (Statement d): Statement d is false because Indian artisans and weavers were globally renowned for their peerless artistic skills (e.g., Dacca Muslin, Kashmiri shawls); the decline was structural and economic, not due to lack of skill.
• Therefore, statements a, b, and c are correct reasons according to the official key.
• Key Takeaway: Indian handicrafts collapsed due to discriminatory British tariff protection and cheap machine-made imports, not due to lack of artisan skill.