लोकसंख्या संक्रमणाच्या सिद्धांताच्या दूसऱ्या अवस्थेचे वैशिष्टचे म्हणजे ___ होय.

The correct answer is Option C (High birth rate and falling death rate).

Key Points:
• Theory of Demographic Transition: Formulated by Warren Thompson and Frank Notestein, this demographic model explains the historical transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
• Stage 1 (Pre-industrial): Characterized by both High Birth Rates and High Death Rates. Population growth is extremely slow or stagnant due to disease, lack of sanitation, and poor medical care.
• Stage 2 (Developing): This is the stage of population explosion. Improvements in public health, sanitation, nutrition, and modern medicine lead to a rapidly falling Death Rate. However, society's traditions take time to adjust, so the Birth Rate remains High. This gap causes rapid population growth. (This is the correct answer).
• Stage 3 (Late Transition): Death rates continue to fall and eventually stabilize at a low level, while Birth Rates begin to fall significantly due to urbanization, female education, and access to contraception.
• Stage 4 (Post-industrial): Characterized by Low Birth Rates and Low Death Rates, leading to population stabilization or even decline.
• Therefore, Stage 2 specifically features a high birth rate but a sharply falling death rate.
• Key Takeaway: Demographic Transition Stages: 1(High B, High D), 2(High B, Falling D - Explosion), 3(Falling B, Low D), 4(Low B, Low D).