अल-नीनो (El Nino) व ला-नीना (La Nina) हे
(1) दोघेही पूर्व प्रशांत महासागर जलाचे तापमान घटवितात.
(2) दोघेही पूर्व प्रशांत महासागर जलाचे तापमान वाढवितात.
(3) दोघेही मेक्सिकोच्या आखातामधील सागरजलाचे तापमान वाढवितात.
(4) दोघेही त्यांच्याविरुद्ध दिशांना जागतिक तापमान व पर्जन्यमान आकृतीबंधात बदल घडवून आणतात.

The correct answer is Option D (Produce changes in opposite direction in global temperature and precipitation patterns.).

Key Points:
• El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Dynamics:
• El Niño (The Warm Phase): Characterized by abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures in the Central and Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru. It typically weakens the Indian Monsoon, brings drought to Australia/Southeast Asia, and causes heavy rainfall/floods in South America.
• La Niña (The Cool Phase): The opposite counterpart, featuring anomalous cooling of sea surface waters in the Eastern Pacific. It strengthens trade winds, enhances the Indian Monsoon, and brings wet conditions to Australasia while drying the western Americas.
• Consequently, El Niño and La Niña produce opposing impacts on global weather, temperature anomalies, and precipitation patterns.
• Key Takeaway: El Niño (ocean warming) and La Niña (ocean cooling) cause contrasting/opposite shifts in global climate patterns.