खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या.
(a) 1991 मध्ये अटल बिहारी वाजपेयीच्या सरकार पासून भारतातील आर्थिक सुधारणांची सुरुवात झाली.
(b) स्थूल आर्थिक स्थिरीकरण हे मागणी व्यवस्थापणाशी संबंधित आहे.
(c) रचनात्मक सुधारणा या पुरवठा व्यवस्थापणाशी संबंधित आहे.
वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने सत्य आहे/आहेत ?

The correct answer is Option B ((b) and (c)).

Key Points:
• Economic Reforms of 1991: India's sweeping structural and macroeconomic reforms were introduced in July 1991.
• Statement (a) is incorrect because the 1991 reforms were initiated by the Government led by Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao (with Dr. Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister), not Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• Statement (b) is correct; macroeconomic stabilization policies (short-term measures) primarily deal with demand management (controlling inflation, fiscal deficit, and balance of payments).
• Statement (c) is correct; structural reforms (long-term measures) deal with supply-side management (enhancing productivity, trade liberalization, deregulation).
• Therefore, statements (b) and (c) are correct, making option (2) the right answer.
• Key Takeaway: 1991 reforms were led by P.V. Narasimha Rao; macro stabilization deals with demand, and structural reforms deal with supply.